Questions to Ask When Evaluating an Apartment Building Deal

Let's discuss how to quickly evaluate an apartment building deal. With so many deals available, it's crucial to determine which ones are worth your time. Here are five essential questions you should always ask:

1. What is the net operating income (NOI)?
2. What is the asking price?
3. What is the upside potential?
4. What is the deferred maintenance?
5. Why is the seller looking to sell?

Let's delve into a bit more detail about these questions:

First, it's important to find out the NOI. This is crucial information because it helps determine what type of income the property generates and what expenses are being incurred. You will need to verify their income and expenses later, but for now, use the figures they provide.

Next, take the NOI and divide it by the asking price to determine the cap rate (the financial return of the property if you paid all cash).

For example, if the NOI is $35,935 and the asking price is $650,000, then the cap rate is 5.5%. This is a good rate for a property located in a desirable area.

If you don't know the asking price or are attempting to determine what you should offer, then you will need to find the market cap rate for similar properties in that area. One option is to ask brokers or property management companies.

For example, if the NOI is $550,000 and the market cap rate is 9%, then a fair price would be $6,111,111.

Here are some rule-of-thumb assumptions that can help you run some numbers if you don't have all the information:

• Assume between $3,000-$3,500 expense per unit per year if no expenses are given.
• Assume a 25% down payment, 5.5% interest rate, amortized over 25 years with a 10-year balloon payment if you have no idea about debt service.

NOTE: these assumptions are not always accurate, and should be used initially to run some numbers and determine if the deal meets your buying guidelines. To truly analyze the deal, you will need to obtain concrete information from the seller.

Now that you know the basic financials of the property, it's time to dig deeper. Here are the top three questions that you must always ask about the property:

• What is the upside potential?
• What is the deferred maintenance?
• What is the seller's motivation?

Here's what we didn't cover in this post: Market fundamentals. Investing in the right market is the most important variable for success. Buying in a bad market can result in failure. This is a longer conversation for another day, but it's important to know that the above post assumes that your market is performing well.

Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this blog post are provided for informational purposes only, and should not be construed as an offer to buy or sell any securities or to make or consider any investment or course of action.

3 Ways to Raise $1,000,000 for Your First Apartment Syndication

If you're interested in raising money for real estate investment opportunities, it's important to understand why people invest passively. Don't worry, we've got you covered!

Before starting the process of raising over 1,000,000 for an apartment syndication deal, I thought people would invest in my deal primarily for the returns, whether cash-on-cash returns, internal rate of return, equity multiple, or simply an annual amount. Silly me! While returns are necessary, they're not the most important factor. People invest based on trust. They trust you as a person and as a businessperson. They trust you with their money because they know you or people who know you and can vouch for you.

If you want to successfully raise real estate investment capital, you need to gain potential investors' trust. Here are three ways to get started:

1. Time

Establishing a relationship with investors takes time, but don't worry, you got this! For your first syndicated deal, your investors will most likely have known you for at least a couple of years. You don't yet have a track record. Once you establish one, it will be easier to get strangers to invest with you because of your proven track record.

The more expertise you have (see way #2 below), the less time you'll need to establish relationships with those who provide real estate investment capital.

2. Expertise

The more expertise you can demonstrate, the easier it is to raise money. BUT, WAIT. There's a catch.

You must demonstrate your expertise in a way your potential investor understands. Your knowledge is irrelevant. What's important is what's relevant to your investors and how you communicate it to them.

A doctor needs information communicated differently than an engineer, a small business owner, or someone who has invested in real estate before. Your success lies in recognizing how to communicate the information to each audience based on their background and needs.

You can display expertise even if you haven't done the specific thing you're raising money for. Another way to build credibility as an expert (and gain more real estate investment capital) is to create a thought leadership platform. For example, Kathy Fettke leveraged her thought leadership platform, a podcast, to raise $5 million in one week! Other platforms besides a podcast can be a blog, a YouTube channel, a newsletter, an ebook, or a meetup, but there are numerous other ways to become a thought leader. Be creative and find something that complements your strengths, unique abilities, and of course, that you like to do!

3. Personal Connection

The idea that people only invest with their analytical mind is false. We invest with emotion. We go in with preconceived notions and tend to look for things that confirm those notions.

Try this exercise: look around your room and, for the next 30 seconds, find everything that's red. Look red. Find red. Look red. Find red.

Now, write down all the things you saw in the room that are blue.

While looking for red, you probably noticed things that were reddish-brown or orange-ish red but counted them as red. We don't find things we're not looking for.

The point is we find what we seek. Those who provide real estate investment capital do the same thing. If they have a preconceived notion about you and the investment, they'll look for ways to confirm it. So, it's important to establish a solid personal connection with them.

You can do this by finding out what they care about and seeing if you can align with that in a genuine way. If you don't know what they care about, ask them this magic question:

"What's been the highlight of your week (or weekend)?"

That will uncover some things that are top-of-mind for them. They might say "making a business transaction," which will tell you that it's important to focus on the numbers and profitability. Or, they might say, "finally being able to get away with my family," which will indicate that time is precious, and you should emphasize the "passive investment angle" with them.

Isn't Real Estate Investing Risky

I recently went out to eat with an old friend and was asked about my job. I shared that I work as a real estate investor, where I raise capital from investors to buy apartments. My friend asked if it was risky, and I agreed that it can be a lot of responsibility and carry some risk. However, upon reflection, I realized that I had not fully answered the question.

When it comes to risk, it's natural to focus on the potential negatives. But it's important to also consider the potential benefits and opportunities that may arise. In fact, taking risks can lead to great rewards and positive outcomes.

In my daily decision-making process, I weigh the pros and cons of each option and assess the potential outcomes. For instance, when deciding whether to indulge in a Snickers bar, I consider the fact that it's unhealthy but also that it tastes good and is free.

Similarly, when considering whether to pursue a business venture that involves raising funding from investors to purchase apartments, I evaluate the potential risks and rewards. While there is always a chance of failure, there are also great opportunities to provide investors with a conservative opportunity to earn more money, establish strong relationships with investors and team members, educate others about the real estate investment process, and have more time with my family. To mitigate risks, I ensure that I am surrounded by an experienced team and continue my education in the field.

When asked about the risks involved in my job, I emphasize that there is always a degree of risk, but there is also the potential for significant rewards.

🧠 The Smarter Way To Make 💵 $10,000/month: SFR Rentals vs Apartment Syndication

Real estate investing has been one of the main, preferred investment vehicles for thousands and thousands of years! Owning land and property has been an important principle that has been passed from generation to generation all over the world and it’s one of the major factors fueling the beloved American Dream.

Real estate will always have a seat at the table when it comes to investment strategies, and it’s more important to talk about real estate now more than ever, especially with the rapid population growth and the national shortage of affordable housing.

Just like in most industries, there are numerous ways to make money. You can develop properties from the ground up, get your hands dirty and start flipping houses, or put on your landlord hat and start building a portfolio of rental properties, amongst other viable methods. However, all real estate investing strategies are not created equal; some are more active than others and some more passive.

Most people are attracted to real estate investing for the potential of passive income. With this in mind, we’re going to put two real estate investing strategies toe-to-toe and see which one will come out on top.

The Race to $10,000/month: SFR Investing vs Apartment Investing

For our “case study”, we’re going to compare single-family residence (SFR) rentals to investing in apartments through apartment syndication. We’re going to assume that you want to build up an income of $10,000/month or $120,000/year in passive income. It is possible, and even realistic, to do this using either strategy, so we’re going to take a look at which one will get you to $10,000/month faster!

• SFR investing, for simplicity’s sake, will be characterized as buying single-family houses with your own money for down payments on loans and then renting the house out for income.

• Apartment investing will be defined as buying a property with 50 or more units through apartment syndication deals, in which you are a passive investor, and you and the rest of the partnership rents out the units for income.

The categories we’ll be comparing the two strategies on are risk, scalability, and barrier to entry.

1) Risk

With no risk, there is no reward! All investing strategies have some level of risk associated with it, and there will always be pros and cons list that comes with any investment. In real estate specifically, some investing strategies are considered riskier than others. For example, real estate development is considered riskier than SFR rental investing or apartment investing, and that is where you need to look yourself in the mirror and be honest in identifying your risk tolerance.

The typical monthly cash flow from a SFR rental property is $100-$200/month, which adds up to roughly $1,200-$2,4000/year in positive SFR rental cash flow per property. This profit margin can be very fragile, with the risk of it being depleted, or even going in the red and causing you to come out-of-pocket if there are any maintenance issues. An HVAC system can cause thousands of dollars, but even if you consider less severe issues such as plumbing, this can still cause a huge dent in your profits, with the typical job like repairing faucets, toilets, sinks, or bathtubs costing between $175 and $450 to fix.

Another profit-drainer that must be taken into consideration is any vacancy you may have due to a non-renewed lease or an eviction. When there is no one renting your single-family house, there is no one sending you checks each month, therefore, there is no profit being made. While you may have a heads-up about an upcoming vacancy, what can be somewhat unpredictable are the cases in which old tenants cause your turnover costs to skyrocket.

Just think how quickly costs can add up when you have to repair or repaint walls, get carpets cleaned or replaced, deodorize pet smells, etc. These profit-drainers, can not only impact your monthly profit but can potentially wipe out your entire cash flow for the year.

When you take a look at multi-family rentals and apartments, a major benefit is the risk distribution. You no longer have one unit that can only be rented to one family at a time, you now have multiple units that can help offset vacancies. Isolated instances of vacancies, evictions, and maintenance issues should have a significantly smaller impact on your cash flow, as the tens or hundreds of other units will be there to balance it out and protect the cash flow. This type of risk distribution would not be possible with SFRs until a larger portfolio of 10+ houses has been built.

In the category of risk, apartment investing through syndication better mitigates risk factors.

2) Scalability

The longer it takes you to scale your rental portfolio, the longer it will take you to build your cash flow, pretty simple and straightforward. Now, there’s no argument against the idea that both SFR investing and apartment investing can get you to your $10,000/month goal. The argument, again, is which one will get you there faster, in which the level of scalability will play a major role.

We know that a SFR will average $100-$200 in cash flow a month, and with some quick math, we realize that you’ll need somewhere between 50-100 SFRs to generate around $10,000 in monthly cash flow. There are two fundamental issues with this; the cap of conventional mortgage loans and the amount in down payments that you’ll need to fund these transactions.

The cap on traditional residential loans is set at 10, however, many banks will stop lending after the 4th loan, as this is associated with a higher risk of default. Of course, you can build strategic relationships with local banks and credit unions to get closer to 10 loans, however, after the 10th house, you’ll need to get creative and get private funding or find portfolio lenders.

This leads us to the next hurdle. In most cases, you’ll need at least a 20% down payment on each property, which adds up to around $1,000,000 needed in down payments if we keep it simple and assume you’re buying each house at $100,000. If you make $200,000/ year and invest $50,000 each year, or one-fourth of your yearly salary, to buy SFRs, it would take you 20-40 years to buy 50 to 100 SFRs that would bring in $10,000/month in cash flow at the average cash flow of $100-$200/month per SFR.

If you were to invest in apartment syndications with the same amount of money, you wouldn’t have a cap on the number of syndication deals you can have at one time, unlike the cap on traditional residential loans. Also, if you invested the same $50,000 into a syndication deal with a preferred rate of return of 8%, this would break down to $333/month in cash flow, which is above the average cash flow of a SFR. This doesn’t even take into account the profit you will receive once the apartment is sold in 5-7 years, which would make the average monthly cash flow throughout the life of the deal higher than $333/month.

It’s a clear winner in the category of scalability: apartment investing.

3) Barrier to Entry

The barrier to entry refers to the level of ease to start investing in either type of investing strategy; SFRs or apartment investing through syndications. To invest in SFRs by using conventional residential loans, you typically will need a 640 credit score and above, however, your income can vary as long as your debt-to-income ratio satisfies the lender’s requirements.

To invest in apartment syndication deals you either need to be an accredited investor or a sophisticated investor, with many syndication deals you run across requiring you to be an accredited investor. A sophisticated investor has to be able to prove extensive experience in real estate investing, which can take years to build. An accredited investor has a single net income of $200,000 or more per year, a joint net income of $300,000 or more per year, or a net worth of $1 million or more, not including the primary residence. This creates a higher barrier of entry either in experience or in income when it comes to participating in a syndication deal.

In this case, SFRs win in the category of the barrier to entry.

The Final Score

With a 2 to 1 final score in the categories of risk, scalability, and barrier to entry, apartment syndication comes out on top as the better investment strategy when trying to get to $10,000/year in passive income. Once you’ve overcome either the experience or income hurdles, apartment investing through syndication proves to be the better investment strategy.

Want to learn more about how Dwellynn can help you get started? Sign up for our exclusive deal list or reach out at hello@dwellynn.com.

✍🏾The Top 3 Major Keys 🔑 to Know About Apartment Syndication Taxes

We’re just going to say it: Nobody likes thinking about taxes, let alone talking about taxes!

The more money you make, the more taxes you pay, and that’s not fun even for the most die-hard CPA. Taxes will never be the cool thing when it’s coming out of your bank account. They’ll never be “in style”. They’re always going to be just…taxes. Thinking about taxes can make your brain go from green light to red light faster than you can blink when all you want to do is imagine new money flowing into your account thanks to another great investment.

The good news is that unlike many types of asset classes, investing real estate can help you decrease the amount you owe in taxes. This is why real estate investing tends to be a favorite among the masses. The IRS views profits gained from real estate-related transactions differently than they view profits gained through, let’s say, stocks. The tax law favors real estate investors both passive investors and active investors. You can get perks from tax benefits due to debt write off and losses due to depreciation, amongst other things.

By investing in real estate, a taxpayer can take advantage of the write-offs, and apply those write-offs to other taxes they may owe, which decreases their overall tax bill, proving to be a great wealth-building strategy.

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Of Course We Have A Disclaimer

We are not tax professionals or tax attorneys at Dwellynn. We created this informational blog about taxes in relation to syndication deals based on our experiences. We will always refer you to speak to your personal tax professional and/or accountant to guide you about all tax-related questions.

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In this blog, we’re just going to scrape the surface of the numerous tax incentives that real estate investors can benefit from, but we’re going to focus on 3 major tax benefits that will have you 100% convinced that real estate investing is a smart financial move.

1. Depreciation

2. Cost Segregation

3. Depreciation Recapture & Capital Gains

Depreciation Is Your Very Powerful Friend

The basic concept behind real estate depreciation is that everything has a life span, and as time goes by everything will age and come to the end of its life span. This principle is then applied to the world of business and real estate. Everything that is used in real estate has an “expiration date”, whether it’s obvious or not. When something is nearing “expiration”, or coming close to the end of its life span, the government wants to encourage you to replace it with a new version. When you replace an item, you are contributing to the economy as a consumer, which contributes to multiple industries, and the overall economy.

The government encourages real estate investors to replace items and renovate their property by offering to deduct the cost of the expenses to replace items and renovate against the income generated by the property. Depreciation is a non-cash deduction that reduces the investor’s taxable income. Real estate depreciation assumes that the property is declining over time due to wear and tear, but often this is not the case. Thanks to real estate depreciation, an investor may see cash flow from their property but can show a tax loss on paper. Instead of taking one large deduction in the year that the investor purchases or improves the property, depreciation is split up over several years based on the useful life of the property.

The most popular form of depreciation is straight-line depreciation, which means that the deduction will be in equal amounts each year. The IRS currently determines the useful life of residential real estate at 27.5 years, and this applies to apartment buildings as well.

Example

If you bought a property for $1,000,000 with the land being valued at $100,000 and the building being valued at $900,000, then your depreciation would be $900,000/27.5 = $32,727/year. This is what your accountant will show as a deduction each year for this property. With this great tax advantage, passive investors typically won’t pay on their monthly, quarterly, or yearly cash flow from the syndication, but they will pay on the sale proceeds of the property at the end of the syndication.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Acts of 2017 allow for 100% bonus depreciation on qualified properties that are purchased after September 27, 2017, creating an even greater tax advantage in the first year.

If You Like The Sound of Depreciation, You’ll Love Cost Segregation

Straight-line depreciation allows you to spread depreciation over the lifespan of a property, which is 27.5 years according to the IRS. However, in apartment syndication deals, the partnership typically holds an apartment community for 5-7 years. Consequently, this leaves a lot of unrealized tax benefits on the table, as the partnership would only get 5-7 years of the tax deduction benefits, leaving 20.5-22.5 years of tax deductions unutilized. Cost segregation enables property owners to accelerate depreciation to help them take advantage of these depreciations over a shorter property hold-time.

Cost segregations is a tax benefit that allows real estate investors who have developed, purchased, expanded, or renovated real estate to increase cash flow by accelerating their depreciation deductions and deferring their income taxes. The idea behind cost segregation is that different assets have different lifespans. The carpeting in apartment units will have a far shorter lifespan than the bricks that the apartment building is made of. Items that have shorter lifespans like fixtures, carpeting, windows, and wiring, can be depreciated over shorter timelines of 5, 7, or 15 years. A cost segregation specialist is hired to identify and reclassify the components of an apartment community that can be depreciated on an accelerated time frame.

The paper losses that are created through depreciation deductions can apply to the other taxes you pay on your salary and other income sources, not just the taxes on the income from the investment property from which the tax deductions came from. This can be different on a case-by-case basis, so verify this with a tax professional

The IRS Has To Get Paid: Depreciation Recapture & Capital Gains

There will be a time where you have to “pay up” to the IRS, no matter how much you want to live a tax-free life. As we all know, the IRS will get their money one way or another. In this case, it’s through depreciation recapture and capital gains once the property is sold at the end of the syndication cycle.

When the apartment community is sold at the end of the apartment syndication deal, the apartment community is considered a depreciable capital project. The gain from the sale of this depreciable capital property must be reported as income. When the assessed sales price of a property exceeds the adjusted cost basis, the difference between these two figures is reported as income to enable the IRS to “recapture” previous depreciation benefits. When the asset is sold at the end of the partnership, the initial equity and the profit distribution that the passive investors receive at the sale of the property is classified as a long-term capital gain by the IRS.

Example

In the previous example, you bought a property for $1,000,000, and the annual depreciation of your property, excluding the land, was $32,727/year. You decide to hold your property for 10 years and then sell it for $1,200,000. The adjusted cost basis will be $1,000,000 - ($32,727 x 10) = $672,730. The realized gain when you sale this property will be $1,200,000 - $672,730 = $527,270, the capital gain will be $527,270 - ($32,727 x 10) = $200,000, and the depreciation recapture gain will be $32,727 x 10 = $327,270.

In this example, the capital gains tax will be 15% and you’ll fall under the 28% income tax bracket. The capital gains you owe will be 0.15 x $200,000 = $30,000 and the depreciation recapture you owe will be 0.28 x $327,270 = $91,635. The total amount of tax you owe at the sale of this property will be $30,000 + $91,635 = $121,635.

Below are the tax brackets and percentages based on the new 2018 tax law:

• $0 to $77,220: 0% capital gains tax

• $77,221 to $479,000: 15% capital gains tax

• More than $479,000: 20% capital gains tax

The Best Part? You Don’t Have To Do Anything

As a passive investor, the depreciation and cost segregation tax advantages are already done for you by the professionals that the syndicator of the apartment communities hire. In this sense, being a passive investor has its perks. The only thing you have to do is get your K-1 from your apartment syndicator and hand it over to your accountant to take it from there. It doesn’t get any more simple than that.

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💡25 Tips and Questions To Make Sure Your Syndicator Is A Perfect Match 🔗

An apartment syndicator also referred to as the general partner (GP) or Sponsor, is a person or company that puts together an apartment syndication deal and manages it from inception to completion. The syndicator is the owner of the partnership, who has unlimited liability. The syndicator finds the deals, evaluates the deals, sources capital from investors, and manages the day-to-day activities of the project and business operations once the asset has been purchased.

Since the syndicator is in charge of the deal from start to finish, the success or failure of the syndication deal will rely heavily on the quality of the syndicator that you choose to partner with. For this very reason, you, as a passive investor, want to make sure to vet your syndicator as thoroughly as possible to get a clear and realistic idea of what it would be like to invest in one of their deals.

The good news is finding a great sponsor will reduce the majority of this due diligence work for future deals as you continue to grow and invest with the syndication company that you choose. This will give you more time to focus more on the actual details of each deal that they are presenting you and decreasing the time it takes you to say “yes” to a good syndication deal. Once a syndicator has a mission, formula, and model that works for them, they usually consistently use it over and over again for predictable success.

Do your research on the syndication company, as a whole, and do your research on the individual syndicators in the company.

1. Look at the company’s website, see how organized it is, look for the bios of the key partners, and identify a focused investment strategy.

2. Find out how long the company has been in business, and if it is a newer company, look at the experience and tenure of each of the individual syndicators to identify someone that has been in the industry at least 5-10 years. What is their educational background and do they have experience with similar investments?

3. Google the names of the syndicators, look at their LinkedIn account, their social media accounts, and content they have created. You want to be able to look at their internet presence and get a good idea of their character, credibility, and integrity. You don’t want to find anything that conflicts with their bios or mission statement. Look for red flags, such as bankruptcies, felonies, or SEC violations and inquire about anything that creates doubt.

4. Take a look at their marketing material and look for quality, professionalism, organization, and clarity. Review things like their videos, conference calls, webinars, and deal summary decks.

5. Ask the syndication company how many of their investors have invested with them multiples times and what percentage of their new investors are from referrals. This indicates how good the experience of past or current passive investors have been.

6. Research the team members during the acquisition or operation of the deal that receives any type of payment or fees (attorneys, CPAs, property managers, etc. )

Dive deeper into the company’s track record.

7. Look at the company’s website to take a look at previous and current deals that they were or are involved in, and if it’s not on their website, then request information about their previous and current deals. One of the major things you want to see is consistency in the type of deals they work on (like large value-add class C apartment properties). You want to see that they are focused on one strategy, not all over the place.

8. Have they taken a deal full circle from acquisition to sale using the same business plan as the business plan they are proposing for the deal you are interested in? How did the projected returns compare to the actual returns (cash on cash %, growth in NOI, consistency of distributions in preferred returns, etc.)

Talk to some real people and check the syndicator’s references.

9. Seek out a couple of investors who have been in the company’s current syndication deals for some time, who have previous experience in apartment syndication investing and have done a couple of deals.

10. Ask them how the deal(s) have performed. Did they meet or exceed their expectations?

11. Get a good idea from the references how frequently and to what degree the syndicators communicate with the passive investors. Do passive investors get consistent updates?

12. Were there any issues or concerns they have experienced and how were they handled? Were the issues or concerns handled promptly by the syndicators?

Take a look at investor relations.

13. Do the syndicators make themselves available to answer your questions or educate you? Are you able to ask the syndicator questions and get prompt quality responses?

14. Do they help educate you on technical areas? Sponsors want to have long term relationships with their investor so if they are not answering you could get a sense that they are not thinking long about this business.

15. Can you tour the property with the syndicator or property manager?

16. Get an example of investor communication schedules along with directions on how to contact the sponsor.

17. Quarterly, you should be able to get the full financial readout from the property manager on the actual vs budget figures.

Avoid aggressive underwriting, assumptions, and forecasts.

18. A good sponsor should be principled in being conservative in their numbers and assumptions that make up the business plan and investment performance projections.

19. Words like “capital preservation” and “conservative underwriting” should come out loud and clear on the company website, any projects you are reviewing, etc. 

20. Look for a sensitivity analysis to see how your investment returns will be impacted if the occupancy, rent, interest rates, and cap rates change.

Break down the payout structure for passive investors.

21. Review the payout structure and understand how the sponsor and you, the investor, gets paid for distributions, refinances and sales. Common industry splits can be 20–40% for the syndicator and 60–80% for the passive investors.

22. Look for a preferred return of around 8%. This usually means that any distribution, refinance or sale that creates cash to the investor, the first 8% (to equate to an 8% cash on cash yield) will be paid to the limited partners and the general partners gets nothing until they exceed that 8% threshold. Above 8%, then the payout reverts to the split agreed to, say, 70% to the investor and 30% to the sponsor. 

Look for the syndicators to have “skin in the game” and alignment of interests with you.

23. Syndicators can promote alignment of interests by investing their capital in the deal, whether that’s their funds, company funds or by allocating a portion or all of their acquisition fee into the deal. By not having money in the deal, the syndicator isn’t exposed to the same level of risks as you are, however, if they have money in the deal, they are more incentivized to maximize the returns.

24. One of the common fees syndicators charge is an ongoing asset management fee. If they put that fee in the second position to the preferred return, that promotes alignment of interests. If you don’t get paid, they don’t get paid.

25. Make sure any fees the syndicator charges do not impact the projections shown.

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🗞🚨 NEWS ALERT: Why Real Estate Investing is A Better Retirement Plan Than Your 401(k)

Probably, you grew up with your parents stressing the importance of you getting a good job with good benefits, and a retirement plan is always falling into the category of “good benefits”. Starting your 401(k) or IRA is a modern American right of passage. You are officially a responsible adult planning for your future 30 years in advance. This is top tier “adulting”.

News flash, we, at Dwellynn, are here to tell you that the traditional 401(k) retirement may be damaging your retirement plans of watching the sunrise on the beach or the sunset in the mountains, even before those plans are finalized.

Most articles or blogs that were written over the past 30 years that go over how to save for retirement, will encourage you to maximize the contributions that you make to your 401(k) to help ensure that you are saving, to receive tax deductions, and to possibly get the company you work for to match your 40(k) contributions (aka “free” money).

To be clear, we are not saying that 401(k)s are inherently bad retirement models; however, there are several major issues that we want to raise about 401(k)s.

• 2/3 of 401(k) accounts were directly or indirectly invested in equities at the end of 2015, according to the Employee Benefit Research Institute, consisting of mutual funds and other pooled investments. This means that more than likely, your retirement savings are tied to market volatility, political climates, and market sentiment, amongst other things.

• Your investment options may be fully valued or, even worse, overvalued at the time the contributions are made.

• It's highly unlikely that the portfolio managers who currently manage your investment options will be the same portfolio managers managing them 10 or more years from now, meaning the “long-term” investing strategy for your retirement savings may change as often as the portfolio manager changes.

• 401(k) plans come with many compliance issues that need to be monitored with constant oversight and administration costs, creating participant fees, asset-based charges, and other fees.

• You create an enormous tax liability on deferred taxes.

There are many perks of investing in real estate vs a 401(k): higher returns, appreciating tangible assets, no hidden fees, predictable cash, forced asset appreciation, and inflation hedging.

With a self-directed IRA, you have significantly more control over the type of investments that you fund through your retirement plan. With a self-directed IRA, you can passively invest in multi-family syndication deals by simply choosing a syndication deal and having the custodian of your IRA to invest the capital for you. The returns that you make from investing in multifamily syndication will be put right back into your IRA account, and you can roll it over into your next investment.

Two Different Scenarios: 401(k) vs Investing in Syndications

Scenario #1: You put $100,000 into your 401(k) and add $10,000/year for 30 years with average annual returns of 7%

• When you retire after 30 years you will have around $1.8 million in retirement savings

• When you take into consideration an average inflation rate of 3.22%/year, your retirement fund will be worth less than $900,000 in today’s money

Scenario #2: You put $100,000 into your self-directed IRA to invest in real estate syndication deals, with 5-year hold times and 2x equity multiples

• With a 2x equity multiple [EM] and a 5 year hold time, every 5 years you will have doubled your initial investment.

• When you retire after 30 years you will have around $6.4 million in retirement savings, without taking into account the additional $10,000/year that you put into your retirement savings. If you include the additional $10,000/year, you’d have an additional $50,000 to invest every 5 years, which will bring your total retirement savings to around $9.5 million.

The Winner: Real Estate Investing for Retirement

As you see, $100,000 + $10,000/year goes A LOT further if that money is invested in real estate syndications, as opposed to just sitting in a 401(k). The difference between the two scenarios is $7.7 million in retirement savings. Of course, this is a simple projection that doesn’t take into account major market shifts or failed syndication deals that may impact your earnings and annual returns, however, if you took just half of the $7.7 million difference between the two scenarios, you’d still be looking at $3,850,000 more in your retirement savings through investing in real estate syndications.

If you paid close attention to the scenarios, both scenarios assumed 30-year timeframes for investing in your retirement plan. This means the longer you wait to decide to invest in real estate, the older you will be when you reach your retirement plan goals. The difference between a few years can be hundreds of thousands of dollars, so it is very beneficial for you to do your research, ask as many questions as you need, and educate yourself on real estate investing and multifamily syndication deals so that you can jump-start your retirement savings plan.

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🛠 🔩 Building "Sweat Equity" with 🏚 Value-Add Apartment Syndications

Getting Your Hands Dirty with Value-Add

We have all seen the shows on TV where people will take a run-down or neglected house, renovate it, and put it back on the market to sell it at a higher price, oftentimes for a profit. As you know, this strategy is referred to as flipping houses, in which you find an opportunity to renovate a property to create additional “sweat equity”. This same strategy applies in the world of apartment investing, but on a much larger scale.

Using the value-add strategy in apartment investing, an investor, or investment group, will find an older apartment community, identify a shortfall in the asset to capitalize on, purchase the property, and renovate the property to increase the rents, lower expenses to increase the net income of the property, and eventually put it back on the market to sell it at a premium.

A value-add property will have cosmetic issues such as poor landscaping, outdated cabinets, peeling paint on the building, etc. Adding value can also come in the form of decreasing expenses and making adjustments to property management, driving some of the quickest growth in net operating income. One thing you don’t want to do is confuse deferred maintenance (extensive roofing issues, replacing all the siding, etc.) with value-add opportunities because even though these issues may make the property look less attractive and impact occupancy, fixing these issues may not result in a predictable and direct increase in rental rates. Addressing value-add issues that make financial sense, will not only provide the tenants with better housing, it will also increase the owner and investors’ bottom line.

How A Value-Add Apartment Syndication Works

1. Purchase the Property: The syndicator will start locating apartment communities in their target market with the help of local real estate professionals, do underwriting and due diligence on the apartment community of interest, propose the deal to investors and raise funds, and then acquire the asset.

2. Add Value: This is where the fun (and sometimes stress) begin. If a new property management team is part of the business plan, then they will be put in place and then the renovations will start. Renovations will start almost immediately after the property is purchased, starting with the vacant units and exterior and/or common areas, if that is part of the business plan.

   As leases on the occupied units come to an end, tenants will be offered an upgraded unit if available, however, the business plan and projection should take into account a temporary increase in vacancy during renovations. This process can last anywhere from a couple of months for lighter renovations, to 12-18 months for heavy value-add projects.

3. Refinance (Optional): Once the majority of the value is added into the property, and revenues are increasing, sponsors will often seek a refinance. Based on the new revenues, the property will likely receive a higher appraisal value. A supplemental loan can then be put in place for that additional equity, which means investors get a chunk of their original capital returned.

   For instance, if you invest $75,000, and 20 months go by, and the property is refinanced, the passive investors receive 40% of their initial investment, which mean that you get $30,000 back out of your initial $75,000 investment within the first 20 months. The best part is that even after getting 40% of your initial investment back, you still get cash flow as if you still had $75,000 invested.

   Refinances are not guaranteed and many syndicators don’t include this in their business plan, using it as an added bonus if they do choose to refinance.

4. Hold the Property: In this stage, the partnership will “sit” on the asset and collect cash flow, as one would a regular, stabilized apartment. The typical hold period from acquisition to sale in multifamily syndication is 5-7 years, depending on the deal. The partnership will capitalize on the common 2-3% market rent increases to increase the revenue and appreciate the property.

5. Sell: The property is sold, either on the market or off the market, return the investor’s remaining initial capital and their distribution of any profit generated at the sale of the property. Investors will then have their initial investment plus profit to roll over into other syndication deals.

An Example of the Numbers Behind A Value-Add Deal

• Dwellynn buys a 130-unit apartment complex for $7.6 million

• Most of the units are rented out at $730/month

• Comps show market rent for similar newly-renovated apartments to be $850-$950/month

• We plan to renovate each unit for $5,500/unit and raise the rent to $830/month

• Once the units are renovated the gross income, taking into account vacancy, will be around $1,245,000 ($830 x 125 rented units x 12 months)

• If $560,250 or about 45%, of the gross income, goes to operating expenses, the net operating income (NOI) will be $684,750.

• If you divide the NOI by the average cap rate for a similar property in the same market, let’s say 7%, the new property value would be around $9.7 million, which is an increase of $2.1 million. If the cost of the renovations was about $720,000, the net profit would be $1.38 million.

Identifying the Risks and Limiting Your Exposure to the Risks

As with any investment, there are some risks associated with passively investing in value-add apartment syndications:

• Falling short of the target rents

• Higher vacancy rates than previously expected

• Renovations running behind schedule or going over the planned budget

How you limit your exposure to risk when you invest with Dwellynn

• We make capital preservation and protecting your initial investment our #1 priority

• We create plans for multiple exit strategies

• We collaborate and recruit experienced real estate and related professionals to be on our team

• We use conservative underwriting to evaluate our deals before we offer them to our investors to ensure that the deal won’t fall short of expectations, we don’t use aggressive projections, and we make sure to take into account the “worse case scenario”

• We use proven strategies and business models, such as focusing on affordable apartment communities and using renovated units at the subject apartment community to gauge the rental potential

• We raise the money needed to renovate the project upfront, instead of depending on the cash flow produced by the property

Let Us at Dwellynn Get Our Hands Dirty While You Collect the Checks

The team at Dwellynn makes it a priority to thoroughly analyze market data to identify markets and submarkets that have property values in which rental rates are affordable and projected to grow, by looking at population growth, job growth, income growth, and other factors. But value-add properties do not only rely upon continued rent growth. We know that the key to having successful value-add syndication deals is to have local, experienced team members and partners with strong market knowledge and proven track records to be the boots-on-the-ground.

We only take on deals that fit our overall business model and investing strategy and focus entirely on replicating and perfecting the process. The outcome is a value-add syndication deal in which the total project cost is lower than the purchase price of a similar newly-built or stabilized property. The renovated property will have comparable value to stabilized assets in the target market, resulting in value and profit being created for our investors.

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